{"id":4629,"date":"2015-04-19T13:29:55","date_gmt":"2015-04-19T11:29:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/happy2travel.eu\/sk\/?p=4629"},"modified":"2015-05-28T02:05:06","modified_gmt":"2015-05-28T00:05:06","slug":"spomienky-a-nepamat-v-krajine-popraskanych-lebiek","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/happy2travel.eu\/sk\/spomienky-a-nepamat-v-krajine-popraskanych-lebiek","title":{"rendered":"Spomienky a nepam\u00e4\u0165 v krajine popraskan\u00fdch lebiek"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #808080;\"><strong>Pred 40 rokmi vtrhli do hlavn\u00e9ho mesta Kambod\u017ee jednotky \u010cerven\u00fdch Khm\u00e9rov. Rozp\u00fatali \u0161ialenstvo, ak\u00e9 uvrhlo cel\u00fa spolo\u010dnos\u0165, sp\u00f4sob jej \u017eitia i zab\u00edjania, sp\u00e4\u0165 do doby kamennej.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u201eKe\u010f za\u010dalo to udieranie, poc\u00edtil som absol\u00fatnu hr\u00f4zu. Ved\u013ea m\u0148a bol v blate postar\u0161\u00ed otec Ouma a sk\u00f4r ako na m\u0148a padlo jeho telo, nieko\u013ekokr\u00e1t sa zatriaslo. V tom momente vstal men\u0161\u00ed chlapec a za\u010dal vola\u0165 svoju matku. Na moju tv\u00e1r a telo \u0161plechlo \u010dosi tepl\u00e9. Boli to jeho krv a mozog uvo\u013enen\u00e9 po\u010das n\u00e1razu. Potom za\u010dali \u00fadery dopada\u0165 na moje vyciven\u00e9 telo.\u201c<\/p>\n<p>Opis masakry 80 nevinn\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed pri jazere Tonle Sap poskytol nejak\u00fd Ranachith Yimsut, v tom \u010dase e\u0161te mal\u00fd chlapec. Po\u010das vl\u00e1dy \u010cerven\u00fdch Khm\u00e9rov v\u0161ak i\u0161lo o ban\u00e1lnu z\u00e1le\u017eitos\u0165, lebo masov\u00e9 vra\u017edy boli na dennom poriadku. Kambod\u017esk\u00ed vojaci, ktor\u00ed ho vykonali na pr\u00edkaz velite\u013eov, mali vek 12 a\u017e 20 rokov. Obete zab\u00edjali kyjakmi a no\u017emi, ke\u010f\u017ee komunistick\u00e1 strana bojovala proti sofistikovan\u00fdm n\u00e1strojom.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_4642\" style=\"width: 614px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4642\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-large wp-image-4642\" src=\"http:\/\/happy2travel.eu\/sk\/platforma\/PC271519-1024x742.jpg\" alt=\"Detsk\u00fd vojak\" width=\"604\" height=\"438\" data-wp-pid=\"4642\" srcset=\"https:\/\/happy2travel.eu\/sk\/platforma\/PC271519-1024x742.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/happy2travel.eu\/sk\/platforma\/PC271519-330x239.jpg 330w, https:\/\/happy2travel.eu\/sk\/platforma\/PC271519-800x580.jpg 800w, https:\/\/happy2travel.eu\/sk\/platforma\/PC271519-300x217.jpg 300w, https:\/\/happy2travel.eu\/sk\/platforma\/PC271519.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 604px) 100vw, 604px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-4642\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Profil detsk\u00e9ho vojaka z m\u00fazea genoc\u00eddy v Phnom Penh<\/p><\/div>\n<h2>Evaku\u00e1cia<\/h2>\n<p>Historici sa zhoduj\u00fa, \u017ee jedn\u00fdm z hlavn\u00fdch sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a\u010dov \u00faspechu \u010cerven\u00fdch Khm\u00e9rov boli paradoxne americk\u00e9 kobercov\u00e9 n\u00e1lety na Vietnam, Laos a Kambod\u017eu. USA po\u010das vietnamskej vojny bezhlavo bombardovali cel\u00e9 regi\u00f3ny t\u00fdchto kraj\u00edn, s cie\u013eom zni\u010di\u0165 z\u00e1kladne partiz\u00e1nov, ktor\u00ed mali z\u00e1zemie v prihrani\u010dn\u00fdch regi\u00f3noch. Jedin\u00e9 \u010do dosiahli v\u0161ak bolo, \u017ee desiatky tis\u00edcov nevinn\u00fdch ro\u013en\u00edkov str\u00e1calo svoje domovy, rodinn\u00fdch pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edkov a masovo sa prid\u00e1vali do odboja.<br \/>\nNajviac na tom z\u00edskala kedysi margin\u00e1lna Komunistick\u00e1 strana Kambod\u017ee pod veden\u00edm Pol Pota, dovtedy zn\u00e1ma len v\u00fdnimo\u010dnou krutos\u0165ou vo\u010di nepriate\u013eom i vlastn\u00fdm \u010dlenom. Ke\u010f o p\u00e1r rokov Ameri\u010dania ustupovali z Vietnamu, kambod\u017esk\u00ed komunisti u\u017e disponovali dobre vycvi\u010denou arm\u00e1dou s podporou severn\u00e9ho Vietnamu a zbra\u0148ami dod\u00e1van\u00fdmi z Maovej \u010c\u00edny.<\/p>\n<p>Po nieko\u013ek\u00fdch rokoch partiz\u00e1nskej vojny, 17. apr\u00edla 1975, jednotky \u010cerven\u00fdch Khm\u00e9rov napokon dobyli hlavn\u00e9 mesto Phnom Penh a ukon\u010dili tak b\u00e1bkov\u00fa vl\u00e1du gener\u00e1la Lon Nola nastr\u010den\u00fa Spojen\u00fdmi \u0161t\u00e1tmi. Ob\u010dania najprv vojakov na n\u00e1kladiakoch s \u010derven\u00fdmi \u0161erpami najprv v\u00edtali na uliciach, netrvalo to v\u0161ak dlho. Vojaci za\u010dali okam\u017eite vytl\u00e1\u010da\u0165 obyvate\u013estvo z mesta na vidiek, z\u00e1mienkou bola hrozba americk\u00e9ho bombardovania. S\u013eubovali, \u017ee po troch d\u0148och sa bud\u00fa m\u00f4c\u0165 vr\u00e1ti\u0165. Kto odmietol, toho na mieste zastrelili.<\/p>\n<p>Dvojmili\u00f3nov\u00e9 mesto sa vy\u013eudnilo v priebehu p\u00e1r dn\u00ed. \u013dudia si smeli vzia\u0165 len najpotrebnej\u0161ie veci. T\u00ed, ktor\u00ed stihli, utekali na vozoch a bicykloch, t\u00ed najbohat\u0161\u00ed na aut\u00e1ch, a\u017e k\u00fdm ich nezhabala arm\u00e1da. No drviv\u00e1 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina i\u0161la pe\u0161o \u2013 chaotick\u00fd pochod cel\u00fdch rod\u00edn s de\u0165mi a star\u00fdmi \u013eu\u010fmi trval nieko\u013eko dn\u00ed. Pod\u013ea odhadov po\u010das neho zomrelo 10 tis\u00edc \u013eud\u00ed.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_4643\" style=\"width: 730px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4643\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4643\" src=\"http:\/\/happy2travel.eu\/sk\/platforma\/PC251490-Edit1.jpg\" alt=\"Ve\u010dern\u00fd zhon v Angkor Vat, Kambod\u017ea\" width=\"720\" height=\"450\" data-wp-pid=\"4643\" srcset=\"https:\/\/happy2travel.eu\/sk\/platforma\/PC251490-Edit1.jpg 720w, https:\/\/happy2travel.eu\/sk\/platforma\/PC251490-Edit1-330x206.jpg 330w, https:\/\/happy2travel.eu\/sk\/platforma\/PC251490-Edit1-300x188.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-4643\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ve\u010dern\u00fd zhon v Angkor Vat, Kambod\u017ea<\/p><\/div>\n<h2>Vl\u00e1da<\/h2>\n<p>V ostatn\u00fdch ve\u013ek\u00fdch mest\u00e1ch Kambod\u017ee sa dialo to ist\u00e9. Nov\u00e1 vl\u00e1da u\u017e nekonfi\u0161kovala len aut\u00e1, ale aj v\u0161etky osobn\u00e9 veci vr\u00e1tane jedla a \u0161atstva. \u013dudia mali odteraz \u017ei\u0165 v novom poriadku: vo svete, ktor\u00fd nepozn\u00e1 spolo\u010densk\u00e9 rozdiely, majetok, rodinu ani priate\u013estvo. V\u0161etci mali nosi\u0165 rovnak\u00e9 handry, jes\u0165 spolo\u010dn\u00e9 jedlo a rozde\u013eova\u0165 sa v\u00fdlu\u010dne pod\u013ea stavu svojej uvedomelosti. Nad v\u0161etk\u00fdm st\u00e1l v\u0161emocn\u00fd a tajomn\u00fd Angkar: komunistick\u00e1 strana a vl\u00e1da, ktor\u00e1 sa stala p\u00e1nom \u017eivota \u2013 a \u010dastej\u0161ie smrti \u2013 v\u0161etk\u00fdch Kambod\u017eanov.<\/p>\n<p>Na \u010dele Angkaru st\u00e1l Pol Pot (skuto\u010dn\u00fdm menom Saloth Sar), p\u00f4vodne syn ro\u013en\u00edka. Po \u0161t\u00fadi\u00e1ch v Par\u00ed\u017ei sa vr\u00e1til do vlasti pod vplyvom komunistickej strany, ale aj fanatick\u00e9ho nacionalizmu. Pol Pot a jeho klika mali o cie\u013eoch revol\u00facie ve\u013emi priamo\u010diare predstavy: ro\u013en\u00edcky a homog\u00e9nny n\u00e1rod, ktor\u00fd nepotrebuje peniaze ani \u017eiadne v\u00fddobytky civiliz\u00e1cie, \u017eij\u00faci v harmonick\u00fdch spolo\u010denstv\u00e1ch na vidieku. Mest\u00e1, komplikovan\u00e9 stroje \u010di vzdelanie u\u017e nie s\u00fa n\u00e1strojmi, ale prek\u00e1\u017ekami dokonal\u00e9ho \u017eivota.<\/p>\n<p>Svoje predstavy za\u010dali po prevzat\u00ed moci okam\u017eite uv\u00e1dza\u0165 do platnosti a kambod\u017esk\u00fa spolo\u010dnos\u0165 rozdelili na tri skupiny. \u201eZ\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u013eudia\u201c boli p\u00f4vodn\u00ed negramotn\u00ed ro\u013en\u00edci \u017eij\u00faci zo svojich ry\u017eov\u00fdch pol\u00ed\u010dok. Teraz sa stali ide\u00e1lom, vzorom pre druh\u00fa skupinu: obyvate\u013eov miest, intelektu\u00e1lov a bohat\u0161\u00edch \u201ekulakov\u201c, ktor\u00ed pre\u017eili prv\u00fa vlnu vyhladzovania. \u013dudia druhej kateg\u00f3rie dostali \u0161ancu polep\u0161i\u0165 sa v kolekt\u00edvnych dru\u017estv\u00e1ch, na ry\u017eov\u00fdch poliach a pri naj\u0165a\u017e\u0161\u00edch pr\u00e1cach, \u0161ikanovan\u00ed vojakmi a \u201ez\u00e1kladn\u00fdmi \u013eu\u010fmi\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>Tre\u0165ou vrstvou boli pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edci Angkaru, teda vedenie krajiny, vojensk\u00ed d\u00f4stojn\u00edci a najm\u00e4 vojaci a star\u0161inovia ded\u00edn, ktor\u00ed rozhodovali o \u017eivote a smrti v\u0161etk\u00fdch ostatn\u00fdch. V dedin\u00e1ch a pracovn\u00fdch t\u00e1boroch bol zaveden\u00fd ne\u013e\u00fatostn\u00fd re\u017eim s \u0165a\u017eko dosiahnute\u013en\u00fdmi pracovn\u00fdmi kv\u00f3tami, nedostato\u010dn\u00fdmi pr\u00eddelmi jedla a trestom smrti za ka\u017ed\u00e9 najmen\u0161ie previnenie. Popravy sa vykon\u00e1vali priamo na mieste, \u010di u\u017e za kr\u00e1de\u017e trsu ry\u017ee, smiatie alebo odvr\u00e1vanie.<\/p>\n<p>Mest\u00e1 r\u00fdchlo spustli; na cest\u00e1ch prestali prem\u00e1va\u0165 vozidl\u00e1, okrem vojensk\u00fdch n\u00e1kladiakov a vl\u00e1dnych limuz\u00edn. V oblastiach, ktor\u00e9 \u010cerven\u00ed Khm\u00e9ri ovl\u00e1dali u\u017e pred revol\u00faciou, d\u00e1vno zak\u00e1zali peniaze. Teraz ich zru\u0161ili v celej krajine. V\u0161etko, \u010do \u013eudia doteraz vlastnili, si zobrali vojaci. Ak sa aj niekomu podarilo pri \u00fateku z mesta ukry\u0165 nieko\u013eko cennost\u00ed, u\u017e v priebehu prv\u00fdch t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148ov ich r\u00e1d vymenil za p\u00e1r deka ry\u017ee \u010di mal\u00fa hydinu, aby zas\u00fdtil svoje deti zomieraj\u00face od hladu.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_4644\" style=\"width: 730px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4644\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4644\" src=\"http:\/\/happy2travel.eu\/sk\/platforma\/P1021675-Edit.jpg\" alt=\"Kambod\u017ea je dodnes jednou z najchudobnej\u0161\u00edch kraj\u00edn na svete\" width=\"720\" height=\"450\" data-wp-pid=\"4644\" srcset=\"https:\/\/happy2travel.eu\/sk\/platforma\/P1021675-Edit.jpg 720w, https:\/\/happy2travel.eu\/sk\/platforma\/P1021675-Edit-330x206.jpg 330w, https:\/\/happy2travel.eu\/sk\/platforma\/P1021675-Edit-300x188.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-4644\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kambod\u017ea je dodnes jednou z najchudobnej\u0161\u00edch kraj\u00edn na svete<\/p><\/div>\n<h2>Hlad<\/h2>\n<p>Po zru\u0161en\u00ed pe\u0148az\u00ed skolabovala ekonomika a Angkar nebol schopn\u00fd vies\u0165 ani len z\u00e1znamy o produkcii a spotrebe jedla \u010di najnutnej\u0161\u00edch vec\u00ed. Zavrhnutie techniky a n\u00e1strojov uvrhlo cel\u00fa spolo\u010dnos\u0165 do doby kamennej \u2013 v\u0161etko sa vykon\u00e1valo najprimit\u00edvnej\u0161\u00edmi met\u00f3dami, vr\u00e1tane priemyselnej produkcie. \u0160pecializovan\u00e9 zariadenia aj tak nemal kto obsluhova\u0165. Pracovn\u00edci tov\u00e1rn\u00ed boli m\u0155tvi alebo okop\u00e1vali ry\u017eov\u00e9 polia kdesi v d\u017eungli. To najhor\u0161ie v\u0161ak pri\u0161lo, ke\u010f vl\u00e1da za\u010dala spl\u00e1ca\u0165 zbrane a vojensk\u00fa techniku, ktor\u00fa neprestajne objedn\u00e1vala v Maovej \u010c\u00edne.<\/p>\n<p>Angkar nemal peniaze, mal v\u0161ak \u010dosi in\u00e9 \u2013 jedlo, ktor\u00fdm mal zas\u00fdti\u0165 svojich vlastn\u00fdch obyvate\u013eov. Teraz sa malo pou\u017ei\u0165 na \u0161\u013eachetnej\u0161\u00ed cie\u013e: na k\u00fapu zbran\u00ed, ktor\u00fdmi bude mo\u017en\u00e9 vra\u017edi\u0165 nielen svoj \u013eud, ale aj nepriate\u013eov zvonka. \u010c\u00ednske n\u00e1kladn\u00e9 lode po vylo\u017een\u00ed zbran\u00ed odch\u00e1dzali z Kambod\u017ee s tis\u00edcmi ton ry\u017ee, gumy a koren\u00edn, ale aj gek\u00f3nov, korytna\u010diek a \u010fal\u0161ej vz\u00e1cnej fauny, ktor\u00e1 bola v \u010c\u00edne \u017eiadan\u00fdm artiklom. Tieto \u017eivo\u010d\u00ed\u0161ne druhy za\u010dali v Kambod\u017ei mizn\u00fa\u0165 stra\u0161ideln\u00fdm tempom.<\/p>\n<p>To v\u0161ak nebolo ni\u010d oproti hladu. Ako prvej zn\u00ed\u017eili pr\u00eddely najni\u017e\u0161ej skupine ur\u010denej na socializ\u00e1ciu. \u013dudia z miest za\u010dali hladova\u0165, hoci cel\u00e9 dni pracovali na ry\u017eov\u00fdch poliach, ktor\u00e9 ich mali zas\u00fdti\u0165. Po nich r\u00fdchlo nasledovali aj \u201ez\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u013eudia\u201c a v dedin\u00e1ch sa \u0161\u00edril kanibalizmus a od hladu sa be\u017ene umieralo ka\u017ed\u00fd de\u0148.<br \/>\nPol Pot a jeho klika sa sna\u017eili situ\u00e1ciu vyrie\u0161i\u0165 sp\u00f4sobom sebe vlastn\u00fdm. Neprodukt\u00edvni jedinci za\u010dali by\u0165 zab\u00edjan\u00ed a postupne vyhladzovali cel\u00e9 pracovn\u00e9 dru\u017estv\u00e1. Pr\u00e1ve na roky 1977 \u2013 1978 pripad\u00e1 najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie vra\u017edenie, preto\u017ee hlad sp\u00f4sobil vzrast opoz\u00edcie aj v radoch samotn\u00fdch \u010cerven\u00fdch Khm\u00e9rov. Rozpory viedli k presunom moci v r\u00e1mci regi\u00f3nov a s t\u00fdm s\u00faviseli aj masov\u00e9 vra\u017edy.<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00edklad: \u00famyseln\u00e9 vyhodenie do vzduchu troch ve\u013ek\u00fdch lod\u00ed pln\u00fdch vys\u00eddlencov zo severov\u00fdchodu krajiny. \u0160es\u0165tis\u00edc obet\u00ed. Nasledoval \u00fatok na vlak: zo sedemtis\u00edc pasa\u017eierov zabili tritis\u00edc \u013eud\u00ed, bez oh\u013eadu na ich triedny p\u00f4vod. Jedin\u00fdm d\u00f4vodom malo by\u0165, \u017ee poch\u00e1dzali z v\u00fdchodn\u00e9ho regi\u00f3nu, ktor\u00e9ho velitelia stratili d\u00f4veru Angkaru.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_4645\" style=\"width: 730px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4645\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4645\" src=\"http:\/\/happy2travel.eu\/sk\/platforma\/PC251255-Edit.jpg\" alt=\"Budhizmus aj in\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00e1 boli po\u010das vl\u00e1dy Angkaru zak\u00e1zan\u00e9. Rovnako ako vzdel\u00e1vanie, ale aj spev \u010di smiech.\" width=\"720\" height=\"540\" data-wp-pid=\"4645\" srcset=\"https:\/\/happy2travel.eu\/sk\/platforma\/PC251255-Edit.jpg 720w, https:\/\/happy2travel.eu\/sk\/platforma\/PC251255-Edit-640x480.jpg 640w, https:\/\/happy2travel.eu\/sk\/platforma\/PC251255-Edit-330x248.jpg 330w, https:\/\/happy2travel.eu\/sk\/platforma\/PC251255-Edit-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-4645\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Budhizmus aj in\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00e1 boli po\u010das vl\u00e1dy Angkaru zak\u00e1zan\u00e9. Rovnako ako vzdel\u00e1vanie, ale aj spev \u010di smiech.<\/p><\/div>\n<h2>Por\u00e1\u017eka<\/h2>\n<p>Angkar o sebe vyhlasoval, \u017ee zaviedol dokonal\u00e9 komunistick\u00e9 zriadenie \u2013 ro\u013en\u00edcku spolo\u010dnos\u0165, v ktorej s\u00fa si v\u0161etci rovn\u00ed bez n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva, ekonomick\u00fdch a etnick\u00fdch rozdielov. Pravda v\u0161ak bola \u00faplne in\u00e1. Ich vra\u017edenie malo aj v\u00fdrazne rasov\u00fd mot\u00edv. Smr\u0165 hrozila aj ka\u017ed\u00e9mu, kto nemal khm\u00e9rsky p\u00f4vod. Angkar sa od sam\u00e9ho za\u010diatku s\u00fastre\u010foval na vyh\u013ead\u00e1vanie a zab\u00edjanie moslimsk\u00e9ho etnika Cham a najm\u00e4 etnick\u00fdch Vietnamcov.<\/p>\n<p>Pol Potovo rasistick\u00e9 \u0161ialenstvo napokon zapr\u00ed\u010dinilo i p\u00e1d \u010cerven\u00fdch Khm\u00e9rov. Kambod\u017esk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da za\u010dala v roku 1978 \u00fato\u010di\u0165 na pohrani\u010dn\u00e9 jednotky spriatelen\u00e9ho Vietnamu. Vietnamci napokon stratili trpezlivos\u0165 a na za\u010diatku roka 1979 r\u00fdchlo ovl\u00e1dli \u010das\u0165 krajiny. V tom \u010dase u\u017e nieko\u013eko regi\u00f3nov otvorene bojovalo proti vl\u00e1de, ktor\u00e1 \u010doskoro skolabovala.<\/p>\n<p>\u010c\u00edna dr\u017eala a\u017e nad Kambod\u017eou ochrann\u00fa ruku do konca a hoci \u010doraz \u0165a\u017e\u0161ie skr\u00fdvali nechu\u0165 z bezhlav\u00e9ho vra\u017edenia, ni\u010d nenasved\u010duje, \u017ee by sa kedyko\u013evek pok\u00fasili vpl\u00fdva\u0165 na Pol Pota alebo vra\u017edeniu zabr\u00e1ni\u0165.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_4646\" style=\"width: 730px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4646\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4646\" src=\"http:\/\/happy2travel.eu\/sk\/platforma\/PC271548-Edit.jpg\" alt=\"Tajn\u00e9 v\u00e4zenie Tuol Sleng bola p\u00f4vodne stredn\u00e1 \u0161kola\" width=\"720\" height=\"540\" data-wp-pid=\"4646\" srcset=\"https:\/\/happy2travel.eu\/sk\/platforma\/PC271548-Edit.jpg 720w, https:\/\/happy2travel.eu\/sk\/platforma\/PC271548-Edit-640x480.jpg 640w, https:\/\/happy2travel.eu\/sk\/platforma\/PC271548-Edit-330x248.jpg 330w, https:\/\/happy2travel.eu\/sk\/platforma\/PC271548-Edit-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-4646\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tajn\u00e9 v\u00e4zenie Tuol Sleng bola p\u00f4vodne stredn\u00e1 \u0161kola<\/p><\/div>\n<h2>V\u00e4zenie<\/h2>\n<p>Pred niekdaj\u0161\u00edm tajn\u00fdm v\u00e4zen\u00edm Tuol Sleng, zn\u00e1mym ako S-21, dnes na pra\u0161nej ulici Phnom Penh post\u00e1vaj\u00fa mu\u017ei bez kon\u010dat\u00edn a pred\u00e1vaj\u00fa suven\u00edry. S\u00fa obe\u0165ami n\u00e1\u0161\u013eapn\u00fdch m\u00edn, ktor\u00fdmi bola Kambod\u017ea po\u010das p\u00f4sobenia \u010cerven\u00fdch Khm\u00e9rov doslova zamoren\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>Kedysi tu bola \u0161kola, no po n\u00e1stupe Angkaru sa stal hlavnou mu\u010diar\u0148ou krajiny. N\u00e1jdeme tu kobky, v ktor\u00fdch by sa ledva zmestila dospel\u00e1 osoba, ako aj vypo\u010d\u00favacie miestnosti s mu\u010diacimi n\u00e1strojmi. Dostali sa sem len prominentn\u00e9 osoby z vedenia kliky, ktor\u00ed stratili d\u00f4veru alebo boli obe\u0165ami prevent\u00edvnych \u010distiek. Ka\u017ed\u00fd v\u00e4ze\u0148 bol be\u0161ti\u00e1lnym sp\u00f4sobom mu\u010den\u00fd a n\u00e1sledne zabit\u00fd. Odhady hovoria o 20 tis\u00edc obetiach; pre\u017eilo vraj len sedem \u013eud\u00ed. V \u010dase jeho fungovania na plotoch be\u017ene viseli \u013eudsk\u00e9 vn\u00fatornosti a hroziv\u00fd krik sa oz\u00fdval v celom okol\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Pre v\u00e4z\u0148ov platilo nieko\u013eko pravidiel. Pravidlo \u010d\u00edslo dva: \u201eNeukr\u00fdvaj pravdu v\u00fdhovorkami na toto \u010di hento. M\u00e1\u0161 pr\u00edsne zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 mi odporova\u0165.\u201c Pravidlo \u0161es\u0165: \u201eKe\u010f \u0165a bi\u010duj\u00fa alebo p\u00e1lia elektrinou, nesmie\u0161 kri\u010da\u0165.\u201c Pravidlo sedem: \u201eNi\u010d nerob, pokojne se\u010f a \u010dakaj na moje pr\u00edkazy. Ak nie s\u00fa \u017eiadne pr\u00edkazy, bu\u010f ticho.\u201c<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_4647\" style=\"width: 730px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4647\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4647\" src=\"http:\/\/happy2travel.eu\/sk\/platforma\/PC271509-Edit.jpg\" alt=\"Phnom Penh, Kambod\u017ea\" width=\"720\" height=\"640\" data-wp-pid=\"4647\" srcset=\"https:\/\/happy2travel.eu\/sk\/platforma\/PC271509-Edit.jpg 720w, https:\/\/happy2travel.eu\/sk\/platforma\/PC271509-Edit-330x293.jpg 330w, https:\/\/happy2travel.eu\/sk\/platforma\/PC271509-Edit-300x267.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-4647\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Vypo\u010d\u00favan\u00fd bol priviazan\u00fd k posteli a okam\u017eite za\u010d\u00ednalo mu\u010denie.<\/p><\/div>\n<h2>Spravodlivos\u0165<\/h2>\n<p>\u0160tyri roky vl\u00e1dy \u010cerven\u00fdch Khm\u00e9rov \u00faplne zdecimovali krajinu i \u013eud\u00ed. Kambod\u017ea pri\u0161la o 20 % obyvate\u013estva, pribli\u017ene dva mili\u00f3ny du\u0161\u00ed. Polovica z nich bola obe\u0165ami vra\u017edenia; ostatn\u00ed zomreli od hladu a chor\u00f4b.<\/p>\n<p>Koniec vl\u00e1dy Angkaru v\u0161ak nepriniesol potrestanie nepredstavite\u013en\u00fdch zverstiev a genoc\u00eddy. Vedenie Angkaru uniklo tesne pred dobyt\u00edm Phnom Penh a \u010cerven\u00ed Khm\u00e9ri \u010falej operovali v \u010dastiach Kambod\u017ee a\u017e do druhej polovice 90. rokov. Pol Pot zomrel tesne pred uv\u00e4znen\u00edm.<\/p>\n<p>Spravodlivos\u0165? V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina Kambod\u017eanov v \u0148u pr\u00edli\u0161 never\u00ed. Vy\u0161etrovanie a s\u00fady velite\u013eov prebiehaj\u00fa dodnes. Ods\u00fadi\u0165 sa podarilo sotva nieko\u013ek\u00fdch. Pod\u013ea pozorovate\u013eov d\u00e1va kambod\u017esk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da prednos\u0165 politick\u00fdm dohod\u00e1m s b\u00fdval\u00fdmi pohlav\u00e1rmi re\u017eimu, ktor\u00ed pred svoj\u00edm p\u00e1dom obr\u00e1tili kab\u00e1t. Dnes s\u00fa \u010dlenmi \u0161t\u00e1tneho establi\u0161mentu.<\/p>\n<p>Vyrovnanie s minulos\u0165ou mal prinies\u0165 \u0161peci\u00e1lny s\u00fadny org\u00e1n ECCC ustanoven\u00fd na vy\u0161etrenie genoc\u00eddy a zlo\u010dinov proti \u013eudskosti. Od z\u00e1padu z\u00edskava stovky mili\u00f3nov dol\u00e1rov, pri\u010dom napr\u00edklad v roku 2014 sa mu podarilo uzavrie\u0165 len jedin\u00fd pr\u00edpad. Nieko\u013eko \u010fal\u0161\u00edch pr\u00edpadov vzbudilo obrovsk\u00e9 kontroverzie kv\u00f4li z\u013eah\u010dovaniu utrpenia obet\u00ed zo strany sudcov a netransparentn\u00fdm postupom.<\/p>\n<p>Pre m\u0148a je preto trpk\u00fdm obrazom Kambod\u017ee po p\u00e1de totalitn\u00e9ho re\u017eimu miesto zvan\u00e9 Polia smrti. S\u00fa to masov\u00e9 hroby ne\u010faleko v\u00e4zenia S-21, v ktor\u00fdch kon\u010dili jeho nedobrovo\u013en\u00ed n\u00e1jomn\u00edci. Polia smrti, to s\u00fa vykopan\u00e9 jamy, v ktor\u00fdch sa nach\u00e1dzali nekone\u010dn\u00e9 kopy tiel; z\u00e1\u013eahy vysu\u0161en\u00fdch \u013eudsk\u00fdch kost\u00ed, a napokon \u2013 v\u0161adepr\u00edtomn\u00e9 lebky s typick\u00fdmi prasklinami po \u00fadere kyjakom. Gu\u013eka do hlavy bola poctou, ktor\u00e1 sa dostala nemnoh\u00fdm.<\/p>\n<p>Hne\u010f za po\u013eami smrti sa za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fa tie skuto\u010dn\u00e9 polia: nekone\u010dn\u00e9 l\u00e1ny ry\u017ee s usmiatymi ro\u013en\u00edkmi, ktor\u00ed m\u00e1vaj\u00fa n\u00e1v\u0161tevn\u00edkom are\u00e1lu. Masov\u00e9 hroby plynulo prech\u00e1dzaj\u00fa do be\u017enej ka\u017edodennosti a str\u00e1caj\u00fa sa v nej. Akoby mali o jednom z naj\u0161ialenej\u0161\u00edch obdob\u00ed \u013eudstva zabudn\u00fa\u0165 nielen obyvatelia a cel\u00fd svet, ale aj panor\u00e1ma krajiny, v ktorej sa to v\u0161etko dialo.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_4648\" style=\"width: 730px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4648\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4648\" src=\"http:\/\/happy2travel.eu\/sk\/platforma\/PC301599-Edit.jpg\" alt=\"Polia smrti dnes plynulo prech\u00e1dzaj\u00fa do kambod\u017eskej ka\u017edodennosti.\" width=\"720\" height=\"450\" data-wp-pid=\"4648\" srcset=\"https:\/\/happy2travel.eu\/sk\/platforma\/PC301599-Edit.jpg 720w, https:\/\/happy2travel.eu\/sk\/platforma\/PC301599-Edit-330x206.jpg 330w, https:\/\/happy2travel.eu\/sk\/platforma\/PC301599-Edit-300x188.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-4648\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Polia smrti dnes plynulo prech\u00e1dzaj\u00fa do kambod\u017eskej ka\u017edodennosti.<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pred 40 rokmi vtrhli do hlavn\u00e9ho mesta Kambod\u017ee jednotky \u010cerven\u00fdch Khm\u00e9rov. Rozp\u00fatali \u0161ialenstvo, ak\u00e9 uvrhlo cel\u00fa spolo\u010dnos\u0165, sp\u00f4sob jej \u017eitia i zab\u00edjania, sp\u00e4\u0165 do doby kamennej.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4630,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[357,361],"tags":[148,424,129],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/happy2travel.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4629"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/happy2travel.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/happy2travel.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/happy2travel.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/happy2travel.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4629"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/happy2travel.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4629\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4649,"href":"https:\/\/happy2travel.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4629\/revisions\/4649"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/happy2travel.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4630"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/happy2travel.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4629"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/happy2travel.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4629"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/happy2travel.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4629"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}